Answer :

nucleus - the centre of atom made up of  proton and neutron this provides mass to the entire atom.
nucleons - the particles present inside the nucleus is known as the nucleons.


The outermost shell of an atom consisting of the valence electrons is valence shell.
Penultimate shell is the shell locate just before the valance shell..

Answer:

Heya mate... Here is your answer...

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1] Difference between Nucleus and Nucleons :-

Nucleus :

The nucleus is the positively charged core of an atom, which is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

Nucleons :

Nucleons are particles that the core of an atom consists of, namely positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. That is, the nucleus is made up of nucleons.

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2] Difference between Valence shell and Penultimate shell :-

Valence shell :

Valence shell is the last shell of the atom containing valence electrons. This shell is also known as Ultimate shell.

Penultimate shell :

Penultimate shell is the shell just before the valence or the ultimate shell that is, the second last shell of the atom.

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