Explanation:
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The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a tragic event that occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, during the British colonial rule in India. The incident took place at Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden, where a large gathering of peaceful protesters had gathered to protest against the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, and to demand the repeal of the Rowlatt Act, which had been imposed by the British government to curb civil liberties.
As the meeting was taking place, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, who was in charge of the Amritsar district, arrived at the scene with a contingent of British Indian Army soldiers. Without warning or giving the crowd any opportunity to disperse, Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed and unsuspecting civilians.
The soldiers fired relentlessly into the crowd for about 10 minutes, targeting men, women, and children who were trapped in the enclosed space of the garden. The firing only ceased when the soldiers ran out of ammunition. The exact number of casualties is disputed, but it is estimated that hundreds of people were killed, and thousands were injured in the massacre.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre shocked the nation and sparked outrage across India and around the world. It was seen as a brutal and unjustified act of violence against innocent civilians who were peacefully protesting. The incident led to widespread condemnation of British rule in India and fueled the Indian independence movement.
The British government, however, initially defended Dyer's actions, which further fueled public anger. Eventually, an official inquiry, known as the Hunter Commission, was conducted, and Dyer was relieved of his command. The massacre also played a significant role in galvanizing support for the Indian independence movement, ultimately leading to India's independence from British rule in 1947.
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