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Photosynthesis is the biological process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves several steps:
1. **Absorption of Light**: Chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts absorb light energy from the sun.
2. **Water Splitting**: The absorbed light energy is used to split water molecules (H2O) into oxygen (O2), protons (H+), and electrons (e^-).
3. **Carbon Fixation**: Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata and is fixed into organic molecules, primarily through the Calvin cycle.
4. **Production of Glucose**: The energy from the absorbed light and the electrons and protons obtained from water splitting are used to convert the fixed carbon dioxide into glucose (C6H12O6) and other organic molecules.
5. **Release of Oxygen**: Oxygen molecules produced during water splitting are released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.
Photosynthesis is crucial for life on Earth as it provides the primary source of energy for almost all organisms. Plants use glucose for their own energy needs and growth, and it forms the basis of the food chain as herbivores and other organisms consume plants to obtain energy. Additionally, photosynthesis plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules. This process occurs in chloroplasts, using chlorophyll and other pigments to capture light energy, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. It's a vital process for life on Earth, as it provides the primary source of energy for most ecosystems and releases oxygen into the atmosphere as a byproduct.
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