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A hurricane is a powerful tropical cyclone characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall, storm surges, and potential flooding. These storms typically form over warm ocean waters near the equator and are fueled by the evaporation of seawater and the release of heat. Hurricanes rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere around a central "eye," which is a region of relatively calm weather.
Key features of hurricanes include:
- **Wind Speeds**: Hurricanes are categorized on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale from Category 1 (74-95 mph) to Category 5 (157 mph or higher).
- **Rainfall**: They can produce torrential rain, leading to widespread flooding and landslides.
- **Storm Surges**: Strong winds push seawater onto land, causing storm surges that can inundate coastal areas.
- **Destruction**: Hurricanes can cause significant damage to infrastructure, homes, and vegetation.
- **Forecasting and Preparedness**: Meteorologists track hurricanes using satellite data and issue warnings to residents in affected areas, allowing for evacuation and preparation.
Hurricanes are a natural phenomenon that occur primarily in tropical and subtropical regions during the Atlantic hurricane season (June 1 to November 30) and the Pacific hurricane season (May 15 to November 30). They play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system by redistributing heat and moisture across the globe.
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