Explanation:
### Measuring Height and Weight, Calculating BMI:
To calculate BMI, use the formula:
\[ \text{BMI} = \frac{\text{weight (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2} \]
For example:
- Height: 1.75 m, Weight: 70 kg
- BMI = \(\frac{70}{1.75^2} = 22.86\)
### Categorizing BMI:
- **Underweight**: BMI < 18.5
- **Normal weight**: BMI 18.5 - 24.9
- **Overweight**: BMI 25 - 29.9
- **Obesity**: BMI ≥ 30
### Problems Associated with Obesity:
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Stroke
- Certain cancers
- Joint problems
- Sleep apnea
### Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM):
PEM is a form of malnutrition resulting from inadequate intake of protein and calories, common in developing countries.
### Balanced Diet for PEM:
- **High-protein foods**: Meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts
- **Energy-rich foods**: Whole grains, starchy vegetables, healthy fats (olive oil, avocados)
- **Vitamins and Minerals**: Fruits and vegetables for necessary micronutrients
- **Frequent, small meals**: To ensure adequate nutrient intake
### Steps Summary:
1. Measure height and weight.
2. Calculate BMI for each person.
3. Determine who is underweight, normal weight, or overweight.
4. Understand health issues linked to obesity.
5. Learn about PEM and its implications.
6. Plan a balanced diet rich in protein and energy for those with PEM.
