Answer :
Factors affecting the climate of Chandigarh, like any other region, include both natural and human-induced factors. Here are some key factors and their relative magnitudes in influencing Chandigarh's climate:
1. **Latitude and Longitude**:
- **Magnitude**: High
- Chandigarh is situated at approximately 30.73° N latitude and 76.78° E longitude. Its position near the foothills of the Himalayas influences its climate, including temperature and precipitation patterns.
2. **Altitude**:
- **Magnitude**: Moderate
- Although Chandigarh itself is not at a high altitude (average elevation around 350 meters), its proximity to the Shivalik Hills and the Himalayan foothills can influence local weather patterns and temperature variations.
3. **Topography**:
- **Magnitude**: Moderate
- The terrain around Chandigarh, characterized by its proximity to hills and plains, affects local wind patterns and can create microclimates within the city and surrounding areas.
4. **Distance from the Sea**:
- **Magnitude**: Moderate
- Chandigarh is located inland, away from the direct influence of maritime climates. This inland location can lead to greater temperature extremes compared to coastal regions.
5. **Winds and Air Masses**:
- **Magnitude**: Moderate
- Winds from the northwest (during winter) and southwest (during monsoon) are significant. The region also experiences periodic inversions which affect air quality and temperature.
6. **Monsoons**:
- **Magnitude**: High
- Chandigarh experiences a monsoonal climate with a distinct wet season from July to September. The monsoon brings the majority of its annual precipitation.
7. **Urbanization and Land Use**:
- **Magnitude**: High
- Urbanization and changes in land use (e.g., construction, deforestation) can create localized urban heat island effects and alter rainfall patterns through changes in surface albedo and heat absorption.
8. **Pollution and Industrialization**:
- **Magnitude**: Moderate to High
- Local pollution sources, including vehicle emissions and industrial activities, can affect air quality and contribute to regional climate impacts such as smog and haze.
9. **Global Climate Change**:
- **Magnitude**: Increasing
- Long-term climate trends, influenced by global factors such as greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, are impacting Chandigarh's climate in terms of temperature trends, precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events.
These factors interact in complex ways to shape the climate of Chandigarh, influencing its temperature, precipitation, humidity, and overall weather patterns throughout the year.
Answer:
Explanation:
bATHINDA: The winter season ended with temperatures higher than normal and rainfall lower than normal. The Western Disturbances continued to dodge the Himalayas, resulting in uneven and low precipitation. December resulted in a deficit of 65%, January had a rain deficit of 91% which is the second lowest since 1901 and February made up for the average deficit bringing it to 33%.ATHINDA: The winter season ended with temperatures higher than normal and rainfall lower than normal. The Western Disturbances continued to dodge the Himalayas, resulting in uneven and low precipitation. December resulted in a deficit of 65%, January had a rain deficit of 91% which is the second lowest since 1901 and February made up for the average deficit bringing it to 33%.