Answer:
In France, the concepts of active and passive citizenship historically relate to political rights and responsibilities:
1. **Active Citizens (Actifs)**:
- **Right to Vote**: Active citizens have the right to vote in all elections, including local, regional, national, and European elections.
- **Right to Stand for Office**: They can also stand as candidates for various elected positions.
- **Participation in Public Life**: Active citizens are expected to engage in civic duties, such as participating in local assemblies or town meetings.
2. **Passive Citizens (Passifs)**:
- **Limited Political Rights**: Passive citizens do not have the right to vote or stand for elected office. Historically, this category included women and certain groups of men who did not meet the property or tax requirements to qualify as active citizens.
- **Exclusion from Political Participation**: They are excluded from direct involvement in political decision-making processes.
These distinctions were more prominent during different periods of French history, particularly during the Revolution and in the 19th century, when the criteria for active citizenship were tied to property ownership and tax payment. Over time, the concept of passive citizenship has evolved, and today all French citizens have the right to vote starting at the age of 18, regardless of property ownership or tax status.
Explanation:
