Answer :
1. **Carbon Dioxide (CO2)**
- **Sources:** Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), deforestation, industrial processes, automobile exhaust.
- **Harmful Effects:** Contributes to global warming and climate change, ocean acidification affecting marine life.
2. **Carbon Monoxide (CO)**
- **Sources:** Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, motor vehicle exhaust, industrial processes, residential heating.
- **Harmful Effects:** Binds with hemoglobin reducing oxygen transport in blood, causes headaches, dizziness, confusion, and even death.
3. **Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)**
- **Sources:** Burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels (coal, oil), industrial processes (e.g., smelting of metal ores), volcanic eruptions.
- **Harmful Effects:** Causes respiratory problems and lung diseases, contributes to the formation of acid rain.
4. **Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)**
- **Sources:** Combustion engines (vehicles), power plants, industrial processes.
- **Harmful Effects:** Causes respiratory issues and aggravates asthma, contributes to the formation of smog and acid rain.
5. **Smog**
- **Sources:** Automobile emissions, industrial emissions, weather conditions trapping pollutants.
- **Harmful Effects:** Causes respiratory problems, eye irritation, reduces visibility, and harms ecosystems.
6. **CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)**
- **Sources:** Refrigerants, air conditioners, aerosol propellants, foam-blowing agents.
- **Harmful Effects:** Depletes the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation exposure, contributes to global warming (greenhouse gases).
7. **Acid Rain**
- **Sources:** Emissions of SO2 and NOx from burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, vehicle exhaust.
- **Harmful Effects:** Acidifies water bodies, harming aquatic life, damages vegetation and soil quality, corrodes buildings and structures.